Birth date, place: 10-25-54, Mosul, Iraq Nationality: Iraqi Marital status: Married Education Date Degree Major Institution Dates Award Attended (Mo./Yr.) 5/92 PhD Operative Dentistry and University of Iowa, USA Biomedical Engineering 8/89 - 5/92 5/90 MS Biomedical Engineering University of Iowa, USA 8/88 - 5/89 5/88 MS Operative Dentistry University of Iowa, USA 8/86 - 5/88 5/88 Certificate Operative Dentistry University of Iowa, USA 8/86 - 5/88 6/77 BDS Dentistry University of Baghdad 9/72-6/77 Published 50 research papers in international peer reviewed journal, participated in 50 national and international conferences. Have more than 35 years’ experience in teaching of clinical and preclinical courses for graduate and under graduate programs. Worked at Ajman University since Sept. 2005.
Abstract Objective: To determine color and translucency stability of present-day resin-based restorative materials. Materials and methods: Disk-shaped (1.0 × 10 mm) resin composites (Filtek Universal, 3M ESPE; Spectra ST, Dentsply Sirona; Gradia Direct X, GC America; Estilite Quick, Tokuyama; Harmonize, Kerr; ACTIVA Bioactive-Restorative, Pulpdent) were prepared and divided into four staining groups (n = 5); coffee (55C), grape juice (5C), deionized water (25C) and thermocycling (20 000 cycles, 5C to 55C with a 30-second dwell time). Spectrophotometer measurements were taken at baseline and 14 days for each group and the color stability (CIEDE2000) and changes in the translucency parameter (RTPCIEDE2000) and luminous transmittance of each composite were determined. A 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using maximum likelihood estimations was used for analysis for these changes, with subsequent pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni-corrected Student's t tests and an experiment-wise α = 0.05. Results: A significant interaction (P < .0001) between material and treatment was found for each change in the esthetic property tested over 14 days. Multiple significant differences between materials for each treatment and between treatments for each material were identified. Conclusions: The severity of color change and translucency of resin-based materials are dependent on their type, mostly affected by the coffee staining medium. Nanofilled resin composite is most resistant to color change and with stable translucency after artificial aging. Clinical Relevance: Nano-filled resin composite may be the most esthetically durable resin- based restorative material. Micro-hybrid resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer restorative material are susceptible to color change and losing their translucency. Hot coffee solution may shorten the esthetic lifespan of a resin-based material. KEYWORDS color stability, operative dentistry, resin composites, resin-based materials, translucency
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Abstract: Objective: Shade selection is a crucial step in achieving aesthetically-pleasing restorations, and it is affected by the dentist’s ability to match the shade of the patient’s teeth. Color Deficiency Disease (CVD) has been thought to be a potential factor affecting color perception. The study aims to find the prevalence of CVD between dentists and dental students and to evaluate its effect on shade matching ability. Methods: A sample of 319 dentists and dental students in the College of Dentistry at Ajman University, Ajman, UAE was examined with the Ishihara test to find the prevalence of CVD. Then participants with CVD were tested for shade matching ability, and were compared to participants with normal color vision with the same gender and qualification level. They were asked to match 10 random composite samples with different shades to a custom shade guide made from the same composite material. A score was calculated, representing the number of correct answers they achieved. Results: The results showed that 8 out of 143 males (5.6%) had CVD, and 0 out of 176 females had CVD. There was no significant difference in the score of shade matching test between participants with CVD and participants with normal color vision (p=0.075). Conclusion: Males showed a higher prevalence of color vision deficiency than females. CVD had no significant effect on shade matching ability.
Abstract: Objectives: During the light-curing process of composite restoration, excessive heat can be produced, which can potentially lead to pulp necrosis (death). In this study, we aimed, based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), to assess the risk of pulp damage during the light-curing process by investigating the influence of light-curing devices, under various irradiation regimes, on the temperature increase at the pulp-dentin junction, during a one-layer or multi-layered deep composite restoration. Methods: A Three-dimensional finite element method model of typical geometry and material properties, as commonly reported in the literature, was employed in COMSOL Multiphysics simulations in order to determine the temperature increase in the pulp. Various combinations of light intensities, durations, and irradiation regimes were investigated for the two cases, of shallow and deep multi-layered composite restoration. Results: Results of light-curing composite resins within enamel; indicate that the temperature rise during the curing process was within the safety margins. Results of light-curing composite resin restorations closer to the pulp with thin remaining dentin, indicate a temperature increase that could be sufficient to cause thermal injury in the pulp. Modulating the light output marginally, reduced the temperature rise while reducing the intensity and increasing the curing duration which was consistently more effective in this respect. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrate that with currently adopted standard procedures, there exists a risk of thermal injury during multi-layered composite restorations with thin remaining dentin; it is thus important to establish appropriate curing regimes that would lead to minimal temperature increase during deep composite restorations and hence reduce the risk of thermal injury to the pulp. Keywords: Temperature rise, Finite element method, Resin composites, Curing light-induced damage, Composite curing, Injury.
The aims of this study are to investigate the effect of light intensity, curing time, and the combined effect of light intensity and curing time on the degree of conversion, depth of cure, and amount of residual monomer released from composite samples cured with different light curing units. Single light-cured composite restorative material (Herculite XR) exposed to different types of light curing units (Optilight LD, ULTRA-LITE 200 E plus, Astralis-VIVADENT) at a different exposure time (20, 40 and 60 seconds). The degree of conversion of composite resin samples was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The depth of cure of composite resin samples was investigated by scraping technique using a digital caliper. While the amount of residual monomer released from cured composite samples was investigated by measuring the released residual monomer in doubled distilled water with a (CECIL 2000) ultraviolet-visible spectrometer. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Post Hoc (T-test) and Duncan multiple range tests were used for statistical analysis. The result of this study showed that there is a significant difference in the degree of conversion, depth of cure, and residual monomer of composite samples with increasing time, increasing intensity, and the combined effect of increasing time and intensity except for the degree of conversion in which the combined effect of increasing time and intensity was non-significant. In addition to that, it was shown that the low-intensity LED LCU (Optilight LD) exhibited a non-significant result in the degree of conversion from those of high-intensity (LED and QTH) LCUs at an extended period of curing time.
Background: Light-curing is a crucial step during the application of composite resin restorations. The clinical success of composite depends on the Light-Curing Units (LCU) delivering adequate light energy to polymerize the resin. However, light-curing usually does not receive the proper awareness it deserves. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of contamination and debris of the LCU’s tip on its light output. Determine the effect of damage to the LSU's tips such as chipping, dents, and scratches. Additionally, it evaluates the effect of plastic barrier sleeves. Methods: Sixty LED LCUs were tested using MARC™ Resin Calibrator (BlueLight Analytic Inc., Halifax, Canada) to measure their irradiance and energy before and after cleaning their tips. They were also tested with and without a clear plastic barrier. Additionally, four damaged LCUs received new tips and were tested again. Kruskal-Wallis H and One-Way ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Cleaning the LCUs’ tips showed significant improvement, an average increase of 8.2%. However, some units increased by up to 47% in irradiance and energy values. Replacing the damaged tip with a new one significantly improved the output of the LCUs, increasing light energy by up to 73%. The barrier used in this study caused a 7% reduction in the energy delivered by the LCUs. The statistical analysis showed that cleaning the LCUs and replacing their damaged tips resulted in a significant increase in energy (p
This study aims to assess the correlation of hypertension, diabetes, obesity with gender, smoking, and physical activity in two hundred and fifty students of Ajman University in the United Arab Emirates. A structured questionnaire followed by a clinical examination was performed for the two hundred and fifty students at Ajman University. Each student was interviewed and assessed thoroughly. BMI was categorized into normal weight (< 25 kg/m2), Overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), and Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2); readings of systolic pressure of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher considered hypertensive. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, version 23.0, and data was presented as means, standard deviation (SD), and percentages. The study indicated that 13.20 % of students have hypertension and 41.6 % are pre-hypertensive. The mean systolic and diastolic pressure was 120.53 ± 14.29 and 76.19 ± 8.89 mm Hg respectively. The mean fasting plasma glucose concentration in students was 95.11 ± 18.53 mg/dl. The percentages of students with overweight and obese were 22 % and 14.85 % respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity amongst students of Ajman University was close to that observed amongst comparable age groups in the world and specifically the Arab region.
Aim: This study aimed to improve our understanding regarding attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) awareness among dental care providers of Ajman University (AU), and also to identify factors that are highly associated with an increased awareness of ADHD. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey study designed and carried out among a convenience sample of dental care providers. The survey was carried out by using a self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of demographic, socioeconomic, and ADHD information. Results: The study shows a low level of awareness toward ADHD. Moreover, participants who provided treatment for a patient with ADHD were found to show a higher degree of awareness toward ADHD. Discussion: The existing results will be used in developing a well-planned program and clear policies to increase the level of awareness regarding ADHD.
Background: Light-curing is a crucial step during the application of composite resin restorations. The composite’s success depends on delivering enough light energy to the resin to achieve adequate polymerization. However, dentists are not recognizing the importance of proper light-curing technique. Objectives: To measure light energy delivered to simulated restorations by preclinical dental students and dentists in the internship year. To evaluate the effect of experience and training on the clinician’s ability to light-cure composite restorations. Methods: A group of 50 preclinical dental students and a group of 50 internship dentists light-cured for 10 seconds, a simulated class III and class I restorations positioned in a patient simulator (MARC-Patient Simulator [BlueLight Analytics Inc., Canada]) that measured the irradiance and energy delivered by the curing light. Then participants received individualized training on optimizing their light-curing technique. They were retested after the training. Statistical analysis was done with two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: Participants delivered an average of 60% more energy after the instructions, which is a significant improvement (P < 0.05). The number of participants that failed to deliver the minimum amount of energy (6 J/cm2) decreased significantly from 37.5% to 2.5%. There was a significant difference in the amount of energy delivered by the Preclinical and Internship groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Initially, many participants were not using the curing light properly. The light-curing technique improved with training and using a patient simulator. Experience can enhance the operator’s ability to light-cure composite restorations. However, a training session can improve light-curing performance more than years of experience.
Objectives: To assess restorative treatment decisions on approximal caries by dental practitioners in the College of Dentistry at Ajman University regarding treatment threshold, restorative techniques, and restorative materials, and to evaluate the characteristics of dentists relative to their treatment decisions. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were completed by a population of 180 dentists working in the university’s clinics. The questionnaire assessed responses to the treatment threshold for a hypothetical approximal carious lesion, the most preferred types of cavity preparation, and restorative materials. Results: Out of the 180 participants, 57.9% were females, and 42.2% were males. Eighty-three percent were 35 years old or less, 12.2% were between 36 and 50 years, and 4.4% were 50 years or older. Most participants were UAE graduates (84.4%). The majority of the participants would delay surgical intervention of the approximal carious lesion until it reaches the dentine-enamel junction (41%), and 27% would wait further until it reaches the outer dentine, while only 21% would intervene when the lesion is limited to the enamel. The majority of the participants preferred simple box preparation (72.8%), and most of them chose composite as the restorative material (85%). Conclusion: There is some variation among restorative treatment decisions of approximal caries by Ajman University’s dentists, but the majority tend to delay restorative intervention until caries reach dentine, they prefer minimally invasive restorative techniques and prefer composite as a restorative material.
Background: Vibration decreases the viscosity of the composite, making it flow and readily fit the walls of the cavity. This study is initiated to see how this improved adaptation of the composite resin to the cavity walls will affect microleakage using different curing modes Materials and methods: Standard Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of sixty extracted premolars. Teeth were randomly assigned into two groups (n=30) according to the composite condensation (vibration and conventional) technique, then subdivided into three subgroups (n=10) according to light curing modes (LED-Ramp, LED-Fast, and Halogen Continuous modes). Cavities were etched and bonded with Single Bond Universal then restored with Filtek® Z350 (3M ESPE, USA). In the vibration group, condensation was done using CompothixoTM (Kerr, Switzerland). In the conventional group, condensation was done with a hand plugger. Curing modes for all groups were LED-Ramp, LED-Fast, and halogen continuous modes, respectively. Samples were stored in distilled water at 37°C for seven days and painted completely with two layers of nail varnish with only 1 mm around the composite restoration left. Samples were thermocycled, immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 3 hours, and sectioned longitudinally. Dye penetration was assessed under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests with p
Objective: Shade selection is a crucial step in achieving aesthetically-pleasing restorations, and it is affected by the dentist’s ability to match the shade of the patient’s teeth. Color Deficiency Disease (CVD) has been thought to be a potential factor affecting color perception. The study aims to find the prevalence of CVD between dentists and dental students and to evaluate its effect on shade matching ability. Methods: A sample of 319 dentists and dental students in the College of Dentistry at Ajman University, Ajman, UAE was examined with the Ishihara test to find the prevalence of CVD. Then participants with CVD were tested for shade matching ability, and were compared to participants with normal color vision with the same gender and qualification level. They were asked to match 10 random composite samples with different shades to a custom shade guide made from the same composite material. A score was calculated, representing the number of correct answers they achieved. Results: The results showed that 8 out of 143 males (5.6%) had CVD, and 0 out of 176 females had CVD. There was no significant difference in the score of shade matching test between participants with CVD and participants with normal color vision (p=0.075). Conclusion: Males showed a higher prevalence of color vision deficiency than females. CVD had no significant effect on shade matching ability.
Objective: To determine color and translucency stability of present-day resin-based restorative materials. Materials and methods: Disk-shaped (1.0 × 10 mm) resin composites (Filtek Universal, 3M ESPE; Spectra ST, Dentsply Sirona; Gradia Direct X, GC America; Estilite Quick, Tokuyama; Harmonize, Kerr; ACTIVA Bioactive-Restorative, Pulpdent) were prepared and divided into four staining groups (n = 5); coffee (55 Degree) Objective: To determine color and translucency stability of present-day resin-based restorative materials. Materials and methods: Disk-shaped (1.0 × 10 mm) resin composites (Filtek Universal, 3M ESPE; Spectra ST, Dentsply Sirona; Gradia Direct X, GC America; Estilite Quick, Tokuyama; Harmonize, Kerr; ACTIVA Bioactive-Restorative, Pulpdent) were prepared and divided into four staining groups (n = 5); coffee (55C), grape juice (5C), deionized water (25C) and thermocycling (20 000 cycles, 5C to 55C with a 30-second dwell time). Spectrophotometer measurements were taken at baseline and 14 days for each group and the color stability (CIEDE2000) and changes in the translucency parameter (RTPCIEDE2000) and luminous transmittance of each composite were determined. A 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using maximum likelihood estimations was used for analysis for these changes, with subsequent pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni-corrected Student's t tests and an experiment-wise α = 0.05. Results: A significant interaction (P < .0001) between material and treatment was found for each change in the esthetic property tested over 14 days. Multiple significant differences between materials for each treatment and between treatments for each material were identified. Conclusions: The severity of color change and translucency of resin-based materials are dependent on their type, mostly affected by the coffee staining medium. Nanofilled resin composite is most resistant to color change and with stable translucency after artificial aging. Clinical Relevance: Nano-filled resin composite may be the most esthetically durable resin- based restorative material. Micro-hybrid resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer restorative material are susceptible to color change and losing their translucency. Hot coffee solution may shorten the esthetic lifespan of a resin-based material.C), grape juice (5C), deionized water (25C) and thermocycling (20 000 cycles, 5C to 55C with a 30-second dwell time). Spectrophotometer measurements were taken at baseline and 14 days for each group and the color stability (CIEDE2000) and changes in the translucency parameter (RTPCIEDE2000) and luminous transmittance of each composite were determined. A 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using maximum likelihood estimations was used for analysis for these changes, with subsequent pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni-corrected Student's t tests and an experiment-wise α = 0.05. Results: A significant interaction (P < .0001) between material and treatment was found for each change in the esthetic property tested over 14 days. Multiple significant differences between materials for each treatment and between treatments for each material were identified. Conclusions: The severity of color change and translucency of resin-based materials are dependent on their type, mostly affected by the coffee staining medium. Nanofilled resin composite is most resistant to color change and with stable translucency after artificial aging. Clinical Relevance: Nano-filled resin composite may be the most esthetically durable resin- based restorative material. Micro-hybrid resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer restorative material are susceptible to color change and losing their translucency. Hot coffee solution may shorten the esthetic lifespan of a resin-based material.
Objectives: During the light-curing process of composite restoration, excessive heat can be produced, which can potentially lead to pulp necrosis (death). In this study, we aimed, based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), to assess the risk of pulp damage during the light-curing process by investigating the influence of light-curing devices, under various irradiation regimes, on the temperature increase at the pulp-dentin junction, during a one-layer or multi-layered deep composite restoration. Methods: A Three-dimensional finite element method model of typical geometry and material properties, as commonly reported in the literature, was employed in COMSOL Multiphysics simulations in order to determine the temperature increase in the pulp. Various combinations of light intensities, durations, and irradiation regimes were investigated for the two cases, of shallow and deep multi-layered composite restoration. Results: Results of light-curing composite resins within enamel; indicate that the temperature rise during the curing process was within the safety margins. Results of light-curing composite resin restorations closer to the pulp with thin remaining dentin indicate a temperature increase that could be sufficient to cause thermal injury in the pulp. Modulating the light output marginally, reduced the temperature rise while reducing the intensity and increasing the curing duration which was consistently more effective in this respect. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrate that with currently adopted standard procedures, there exists a risk of thermal injury during multi-layered composite restorations with thin remaining dentin; it is thus important to establish appropriate curing regimes that would lead to minimal temperature increase during deep composite restorations and hence reduce the risk of thermal injury to the pulp.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines and related factors among university students in the United Arab Emirates. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was undertaken among a convenient sample of medical and non-medical colleges of Ajman University using a self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic data as well as assessing knowledge of COVID-19, attitudes, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. Results: A total of 467 students participated in the study and completed the questionnaire. A total of 181 (38.8%) participants reported that they have been vaccinated against the COVID-19 virus, principally with the Sinopharm vaccine (84%). Vaccination against the COVID-19 virus was less prevalent among Arabic nationalities compared to other nationalities, but more prevalent among students from health science colleges compared to those from non-health science colleges. The acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among study participants was 56.3%, exacerbated by worries regarding unforeseen problems (65.5%, 306), general mistrust (47.3%, 221), and unforeseen impacts (35.1%, 164). The average knowledge score was 60.1%, with 142 (30.4%) having poor knowledge, 127 (27.2%) having acceptable knowledge, and 198 (42.4%) having good knowledge. There were common misconceptions about symptoms including nausea and diarrhea, as well as the route of transmission, with half believing antibiotics are an effective treatment. Conclusion: There was variable knowledge of COVID-19 among students. Misconceptions need addressing going forward. To enhance COVID-19 vaccination uptake in the country and worldwide, health education targeting diverse sociodemographic categories should be prioritized.
Objective: Resin-based materials used in restorative dentistry are introduced at a fast pace with limited knowledge about their properties. Comparing properties of these materials from different restorative categories is lacking but can help the clinician in material selection. This study aimed to compare the mechanical properties and wear resistance of bis-acryl-, composite-, and ceramicresin restorative materials. Methods and Materials: Bisacryl-resin (Bis-R, LuxaCrown, DMG), composite-resin (Com-R, Filtek Supreme Ultra, 3M Oral Care), and ceramic-resin (Cer-R, Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik) specimens were prepared for mechanical tests: fracture toughness (FT) with and without initial thermomechanical loading using a mastication simulator, flexural strength (FS), and flexural modulus (FM), compressive strength (CS), and volumetric wear loss measurement. The datasets for FT and wear resistance were each analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by pairwise comparisons or Tukey testing as appropriate. The datasets for FS, FM, and CS were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. Results: Analysis of FS, FM, and CS showed significant differences between materials, with all pairwise comparisons between materials showing significance. Analysis of FT resulted in a significant interaction between the material and treatment, with analysis of wear loss showing a significant interaction between the material and the number of cycles. Conclusions: Cer-R demonstrated superior FT, CS, and wear resistance compared to Bis-R and Comp-R materials. The fracture toughness of Bis-R increased after thermomechanical loading.
Objectives: Bulk-fill resin composite is commonly used in direct restorations. It is recommended that the high-viscosity version of these materials be preheated to improve flowability and adaptability. It is unknown what effects preheating (PH) might have on the wear resistance and color stability of these resin composites. This study compared the wear and color stability of high-viscosity bulk-fill and conventional resin composites with and without PH, using the CIEDE2000 formula. Methods and Materials: Thirty-two disc-shaped specimens (n=16, 10×3 mm) were prepared with Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative (FOBFR; 3M ESPE) and Filtek Supreme Ultra (FSU, 3M ESPE) to determine wear. Each group was divided into subgroups based on preparation conditions, that is, PH and room temperature (RT) (n=8). Thermomechanical fatigue was applied to specimens, and volumetric material loss was calculated using a laser scanner (LAS-20, SD Mechatronik, Feldkirchen-Westerham, Germany) and three-dimensional imaging software (Geomagic, 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA). An additional 124 disc-shaped specimens (n=64, 10×1 mm) were prepared with FOBFR and FSU, and subgroups were formed based on preparation conditions (PH and RT, n=32). Specimens were aged for 14 days in coffee, grape juice, distilled water, and thermocycling (20,000 cycles, 5°C–55°C). To determine color change, the lightness (L), chroma (C), and hue (H) values were measured at baseline and after 14 days using the CIEDE2000 formula. All data were statistically analyzed, and a 95% significance level was set. Results: In both the PH and RT groups, FSU exhibited greater wear than FOBFR (p